COVID 19 - Endangering Women’s Mental and Reproductive Health

With spikes in domestic violence, sexual harassment and limited access to health care globally, the healthauthorities are battling hard to prevent serious consequences on women health. Older women and womenwith disabilities along with pregnant women form a special group of women as they lose access to vital healthservices and social support. COVID is having a huge impact on women health. The COVID-19 pandemic isshowing a negative effect on the production and transportation of contraceptive commodities. Medical societiesare asking to defer pregnancy till we have a more clear insight on the effect on pregnancy. Cancer screeningand cancer treatment has also taken a backlog

Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic retinopathy amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by elevated blood sugar level. It is a major cause of blindness in our country, which is preventable and treatable, if healthy practice and knowledge regarding this disease is applied. The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Diabetic Retinopathy, amongst diabetic patients attending eye OPD in GMC Jammu.Methods: 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus attending eye OPD, over a period of 10 months, in GMC Jammu, were incorporated in this study. Self administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge, practice and attitude of diabetic retinopathy amongst the diabetic patient, after their due consent.Results: This study incorporated 300 diabetic patients out of which 168 (56%) were males and 132 (44%) were females. Most of the patients (70%) were aware of the fact that diabetes can cause eye disorders. 67.33% believed that they should go for regular eye check-ups. 79.33% agreed that timely intervention can delay the complications in diabetic eye disease.Conclusions: Diabetes can lead to serious ocular complications which can be prevented by appropriate awareness and optimistic attitude and good approach towards the disease.

The study of demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the eye OPD of GMC Jammu, India

Background: Age related cataract also called as senile cataract is the commonest type of acquired cataract affecting people over the age of 50 years. In developing countries like India, many times patients with cataract report to the hospitals very late, when it has become mature. Keeping this in mind this study was undertaken to study the demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the OPD of GMC Jammu and to see if there is correlation between demographic factors and time of seeking medical attention.Methods: This study was conducted on 41 patients of senile mature cataract who attended OPD of GMC Jammu from August 2019 to November 2019. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and ocular examination. Socio-economic status and education level of all patients was assessed. All patients were admitted and underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation.Results: In study the mean age of patients was 62.46 years with 58.53% patients being females. Majority of patients were from rural background with low socio-economic status and low education levels.Conclusions: From this study we concluded that female sex, low socio-economic status, comorbidities and lower literacy levels are associated with patients seeking medical attention for cataract at an advanced stage.

Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Intrathecal Plain 0.75% Ropivacaine Solution For Elective Caesarean Section

Background:A prospective, randomised double blind study to evaluate the efcacy and safety of intrathecal plain 0.75% ropivacaine solution for elective caesarean section and also to study its side effects and complicationsMaterial and Methods:80 patients planned under spinal anaesthesia requiring sensory level upto T4-T6 & duration of 1-2 hours were included in the study. They were divided into two groups of 40 each & received one of the 2 drugs intrathecally. Group R - 2.4ml isobaric plain 0.75% ropivacaine(18 mg) Group B - 2ml hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine(10 mg)Results:In our present study, duration of sensory block was shorter in Group R (141.87±13.57 mins)than in Group B (203±18.83 mins) and it was statistically signicant. The mean duration of analgesia was less in Group R 189.25±17.30 mins than in Group B 296.25 ± 13.33 mins and the difference was statistically signicant. Mean(±SD) onset of motor block was slower in Group R (207.25±38.89 secs) as against Group B (115.12±26.34 secs) and the difference was statistically signicant. The time needed to reach Grade 3 motor block was delayed in Group R 6.19±0.88 mins, compared to Group B 4.09±0.86 mins, which is also signicant. The mean duration of motor block was signicantly less in Group R(174±24.36min) as compared to Group B (252.5±18.63mins).Conclusion:Use of Ropivacaine in caesarean section patients is associated with shorter duration of both sensory and motor block .Therefore ,ropivacaine is safe and effective without any adverse effect on maternal and neonatal outcome.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition – An Experience from Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre in Jammu

Background: Childhood undernutrition remains a key public health challenge in India and is a significant contributor of Under-5mortality as these children have significantly higher risk of mortality and morbidity. Nutritional rehabilitation centres have beenset up by Government of India at facility level to provide medical and nutritional care to Severe Acute Malnourshied childrenunder the age of 5 years who have medical complications.Materials and Methods: Retrospective record based observational study conducted in NRC located at SMGS Hospital, GMCJammu. All the children upto 60 months of age, admitted in NRC during the study period, from September2018 to February2019 were included in the study.Aims and Objectives: To know the demographic details and clinical profile of comorbidities in children with Severe AcuteMalnutrition and to assess the outcome of these children.Results: A total of 118 children were admitted in the Nutritional Rehablitation Center during the study period 60% werefemales. 60% of the children were less than 12 months of age 20 % were between 13 and 24 months of life.Children belongedto all the districts, 22% from Jammu, 18% Reasi, 16% Udhampur, 15% Rajouri, 8% Kathua, 7% Poonch and 6% Samba.Bronchopneumonia (39.8%), Diarrhoea (30.5% ) and skin infections(11%) were the commonest morbidities. 73.5% of thechildren had associated anemia. Other comorbidities were septicemia (10.1%), CSOM (5.9%), UTI (5%), measles (5%) andtuberculosis (2.5%).Conclusion: Early diagnosis and standardized protocol based treatment in the NRCs has been very effective in reducing themorbidity and mortality in SAM patients.

Clinical Profile of Patients with Cerebral Palsy – A Hospital-based Study

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of childhood disability worldwide with the greatest burdenfound in developing countries. Motor impairments are the hallmarks of CP, but in many individuals, other impairments suchas vision, hearing, speech, cognition, behavior, and epilepsy may at times produce even greater activity limitation in daily life.Early diagnosis and comprehensive management with a multidisciplinary approach are required for satisfactory managementof a child with CP. In low- and middle-income countries, there are gaps in knowledge especially in spheres of epidemiologicalresearch, intervention, and service utilization.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the children coming to the inpatientand outpatient Department of Paediatrics SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College Jammu.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the clinical pattern and etiological factors of CP and to determine the prevalenceof associated disabilities or handicaps in CP. Our study population included 100 cases of diagnosed CP up to 18 years of age.Results: A total of 100 children of CP were evaluated of which 59% were boys and 41% were girls. CP patients belonged tovarious age groups as, <2 years (46%), 2–4 years (30%), 4–6 years (12%), 6–12 years (10%), and 12–18 years (2%). CP patientscoming to our hospital belonged to various districts such as Jammu (27%), Rajouri (20%), Doda (17%), Reasi (11%), Udhampur(8%), Kathua (7%), Poonch (5%), and Samba (5%). The most common etiological factors were birth asphyxia (48%). The spastictype was the most common (65%), followed by ataxic (15%), dyskinetic (10%), and mixed (10%). Among the spastic quadriplegic,subtype was seen in 69%, diplegia in 23%, and hemiplegia in 8%. Speech delay was the most common associated problem(80%), followed by seizures (56%), feeding difficulty (46%), and contractures and deformities (20%). Formal vision assessmenthad been done in only 48% of the patients, among them, 30% had normal vision, 9% had refractive error, 7% were havingstrabismus, and 2% were blind. Spectacles were being used by only three patients. A mere 30% of the patients had undergonehearing assessment; among them, 6% were having moderate to profound hearing loss. Hearing aid was being used by twopatients. Physiotherapy services were being availed by 47% of patients. Early intervention and appropriate rehabilitation servicesshould be provided to such children to limit the disability. Medical college hospitals of India, where a number of these childrenreport with their various problems, can play an important role as nodal centers for evaluation and registration of such patients.

Corticosteroid Induced Cataract In COPD Patient

Corticosteroid induced complications like cataract are well reported with varied manifestation. Manyhypothesis to explain the mechanisms and etiology of corticosteroid induced cataracts have beenreported. To best of our knowledge, this is one of a case reports establishing corticosteroid systemicuse as a possible cause for mature white cataract (bilateral), warranting clinician's attention as thecondition is important, in relation to indiscriminate systemic use of steroids in relation to ophthalmologicalcomplications.

Study of the reproducibility of the 2004 World Health Organization classification of urothelial neoplasms.

The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary bladder biopsies showing papillary urothelial neoplastic lesions based on the 2004 WHO/ISUP classification of Urothelial Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder, to assess the reproducibility of the bladder carcinoma grade. Fifty consecutive transurethral tumor resection biopsies were evaluated by four pathologists independently. The final diagnoses of each pathologist were subjected to statistical analysis to assess the degree of interobserver variability and reproducibility of this classification. Significant interobserver variation was found in the reporting of urothelial neoplasms. In 22 instances there was difference in opinion between PUNLMP and low-grade carcinoma, and in 59 instances between low and high grade carcinoma. The 4 observers never unanimously agreed on the diagnosis of PUNLMP.

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Datura stramonium L. Plant Extracts and Callus In vitro.

The phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of in vitro grown callus and in D. stramonium plant were studied and compared. The crude extracts from D. stramonium were analysed for moisture, starch, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, lipid, proline, crude protein, phenols, DNA, RNA, chlorophyll and carotenoid in plant parts and callus. The phytochemical content of naturally grown plant was comparatively higher than in vitro grown callus. The antimicrobial potential of the methanolic extracts of root, stem, leaves, fruits, callus and crude metabolite rich fractions were evaluated against Escherichia coli MTCC 1652, Staphylococus aureus MTCC 3160, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 847, Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2456, Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Fusarium culmorum MTCC 349 and Rhizopus stolonifer MTCC 2591. The results indicated that methanolic leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IZ=18.2mm) and E. coli (IZ=19.8mm), P. aeruginosa (IZ=22.2mm), R. stolonifer (IZ=21.5mm), and callus exhibited antimicrobial activity against A. niger (IZ=12.1mm), F. culmorum (IZ=18.9mm) and A. flavus (IZ=12.8mm). The present study also revealed that antimicrobial activity was higher in naturally grown plant. In the metabolite rich fraction (flavonoids, phytosterols and alkaloids), greatest bactericidal and fungicidal activity was exhibited by flavonoids against P. aeruginosa (IZ=22.4mm) and A. flavus (IZ= 20.1mm).